Halla,
I need a really simple workout (strength training) routine. I already do a lot of biking and running. I have a YMCA membership, and I want to justify keeping it by going to the gym on a regular basis. A 3-4 day routine would be good, I haven't lifted regularly at a gym in a long time.
Hello my friend. Sorry for the delay!
Here's "Halla Fitness Theory 101":
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ASSUMPTIONS:
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(1) You are aware of your genetics/somatotype (ectomorph, mesomorph, or endomorph)
(2) You are training your whole body.
(3) You are interested in a balance between mass, strength, and definition.
Let's Begin...
I believe in training the whole body, but I also believe in hammering the parts most in need of development.
Traditionally, for almost a decade, in my prime, I worked off of a 4-day split, as follows:
(WORKOUT A) Chest + Triceps
(WORKOUT B) Back (Lats, Serratus, Rhomboids, Erectors) + Traps
(WORKOUT C) Legs (Quads, Hamstrings, and Calves)
(WORKOUT D) Shoulders, Biceps, Forearms
Here's the beauty of this routine, it does not matter what day of the week you do which workout. Simply start with A,B,C, or D on your first day of exercise (Let's assume "A"). The next day you exercise (next day or two days after, whatever) you have B,C, or D to choose from (Let's assume "C"). On your third day of training you have "B" or "D" to pick from (Let's assume "D"). And hence the fourth day of your training (whatever day of the week it is you MUST do workout "B". Got it? Now you have a plan to work your whole body evenly (which is best for overall muscular development, BTW) regardless of what days of the week you can attend the gym. Cool?
OK, let's get one hard and fast rule out of the way:
SPOT TRAINING DOES NOT WORK!!!
For instance, it is explicitly forbidden for you to only work your chest and back. You will do your entire physique a dis-service if you disobey this fundamental principle. Capice?

Remember, it is fair for you to hit chest and back THE HARDEST of all workouts, but you MUST do the others, even if it is without the full vigor of your explicit goals...
THE WORKOUTS:
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ASSUMPTIONS:
(1) In practice, I do mostly free weights (barbells + dumbbells) and SOME machines.
(2) EVERY time I workout I do a MINIMUM of 15 minutes of CARDIO to warm up. This prevents injuries, please do the same...
(3) After my cardio warm up, I do 1-3 light sets of exercises to prime my target muscle groups for that day...get the blood there...let them know what's coming ofr them...then HAMMER them.
(4) I DO NOT EVER have a pre-determined number of reps to perform for any given set, I ALWAYS train to failure. This allows me (and now you) to be instinctive, effective, and not get caught up in the minutiae of such obsessive-compulsive logging.
(5) 75% of my workouts are centered around SUPERSETS (performing two exercises of one body part, one after the other, with no rest in between) - or - GIANT SETS (performing three exercises of one body part, one after the other, with no rest in between)
(6) I'm also a big believer in DROP SETS, which are selecting one exercise (let's say at 100 pounds) doing reps to failure, then dropping the weight to 90 pounds and going to failure, then dropping down to 80 pounds and going to failure...you get it.

Usually 3-4 drops does the trick...
(7) Normally, I do my heaviest lifts (barbells) first, and then get into the groove of hammering things out during the rest of the workout.
(8) For building MASS and STRENGTH keep your repetitions between 4-7 reps for your main upper body lifts. Sets of 8-12 are for warm-ups OR burn-outs only.
(9) For legs, focus on lifts in the range of 12-15 reps, they are already huge, just chisel them out now.
(10) If you do workout 5 days per week, the simply repeat the workout you did on DAY 1 at the end of the week on DAY 5 (e.g. Mon=A, Tues=B, Wed=C, Thurs=D, Fri=A).
That's it for my general theory. Any questions yet? If so just shoot a reply.
NOW - Two workouts for CHEST + TRICEPS.
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Note: These are expected to be done in 2 different periods, or weeks, however your schedule works out...
Code:
(WORKOUT A-1)
(1) Flat Bench Press (BARBELL) = 1 warm-up set, then three sets to failure.
(2) GIANT SET (Incline Dumbbell Press + Incline Dumbbell Flyes + FLAT BENCH Cross Bench Dumbbell Pullover) = 4 sets to failure
(3) DROP SET = Tricep Press Down WITH ROPE Attachment = 4 sets to failure
(4) SUPERSET Push-Ups (Man Push-Ups, then Drop to Girl Push-Ups [Knees on the Ground Instead of Feet]) = 4 sets to failure
(WORKOUT A-2)
(1) Incline Bench Press (BARBELL) = 1 warm-up set, then three sets to failure.
(2) GIANT SET (Flat Dumbbell Press + Flat Dumbbell Flyes + FLAT BENCH Cross Bench Dumbbell Pullover) = 4 sets to failure
(3) DROP SET = Barbell French Press = 4 sets to failure
(4) SUPERSET Push-Ups (Man Push-Ups, then Drop to Girl Push-Ups [Knees on the Ground Instead of Feet]) = 4 sets to failure
Next, I will type out 2 Back/Traps workouts + some Shoulder Bicep workouts, I have run out of time for now, but this is a good chance for you to fire off some general questions if you have them.
REGARDING NUTRITION:
My diet is "isometric":
1/3 of my calories each day come from protein,
1/3 from carbs, and
1/3 from fat.
The reasoning behind eating this way is as follows.
Protein can be burned for fuel if you need it, or be used as the building blocks for new muscle growth. The absence of protein in your system (negative nitrogen balance) is an immediate trigger for your catabolic metabolism. So, you are better off with MORE protein than you need each day, than LESS. Especially because it is physiologically impossible for protein to get converted to fat.
Carbs can be converted to fat if you eat too much of them at one sitting and do not burn them off with exercise. Your reduction of bread is a wise move, as plenty of other foods, including some vegetables and of course fruit, contain carbohydrates. I do as you do, I cut bread, white sugar, candy, soda, etc. from my diet, so that my carbs come from oatmeal, small amounts of potato or past with meals, etc.
Fat can obviously be converted to stored body fat. Keeping your fatr content down as I mentioned is necessary simply because on the scale of caloric impact, remember:
1 gram of carbs = 4 calories
1 gram of protein = 4 calories
1 gram of fat = 9 calories
1 g of alcohol = 7 calories
Fat and alcohol are both a risk to a shredded abdomen as they are very high in calores and contain little nutritive value with regard to muscle anabolism. Just like carbs, you will get the fat your body NEEDS out of your diet, even if you try to strip out as much as you can from the foods you eat. Fat is just "in there." You can't get rid of it, nor do you need to, but it is wise to limit intake of it as much as possible due to it containing more than double the calories per gram as carbs of protein.
Other points of interest:
We have a fat metabolism AND a carb metabolism.
Carbs are burned first, at the front end of physical activity, and usually are burned out of the blood after 15 minutes of cardio. Fatty acids are used next as fuel to replenish ATP stores in ourt muscles, and are usually burned out of the blood after 30 minutes of exercise. Past 30 minutes you are burning STORED FAT. That is why doing cardio for 30 minutes is unwise, you stop the activity right at the threshold that your body is buring stored fat, when your exercise is most "profitable" for purposes of getting ripped. I do 45-60 minutes of cardio 3x per week. If I do 30 min. of cardio I immediately jump into the weight room and keep my metabolism high so I am burning fat while I lift. Efficiency!!!
The reason that the Atkins diet works is because protein can be used as fuel, and cannot be turned into stored body fat. Complete elimination of carbs forces the body into ketosis, and the body starts to use the fat metabolism exclusively. This results in large amounts of stored fat being burned for fuel and a reduction of it in the body. I personally cannot do that type of diet, I can do the "South Beach" diet as it is more forgiving of moderate carb intake and als oconsumption of fruit. Atkins diet cannot be healthy for a human in the long run, it's just gross.
So, eat 5-6 smaller meals per day instead of 3 big ones, and make sure that at each sitting you have protein, carbs, and some fat on your plate. Eat your veggies, they are good for you and fill you up with little calories. Finally, never eat a serving of carbohydrates that is bigger than your fist. I never eat a full baked potato, I eat half one. I also eat very small amounts of pasta and instead add on more meatballs and veggies and marinara sauce onto the dish to make it more filling.
Give these tips a shot and let me know if it helps you get closer to your goals.
On a semi-related note, the YMCA doesn't have a squat rack

but it does have a smith machine

. So I can't really squat. This makes me unhappy. It does have one of those squat machine things, where you sit in the seat and push out, but it feels weird. Any ideas?
-Bamboo
No squat rack?
A Smith machine is fine, especially if you vary your exercises.
Try these for starters (all possible with a Smith Machine):
(1) Rear Squat
(2) Front Squat
(3) Vertical Leg Press
(4) Lunges
(5) Straight Legged Deadlift
I'll drop you some sick leg workouts soon...

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Good luck Bro!
-Halla