I'm a INFP musician/songwriter and I feel that my ability most likely comes from the F, which allows me to easily judge whether something sounds pleasant or unpleasant and whether it is more expressive/less expressive, more beautiful/less beautiful, and more interesting/less interesting than other possible sound combinations. The N allows me to make the music meaningful and correlate the sounds with the feelings they are supposed to represent. It would probably work this way for a T, also, because any strong judging process allows for the ability to determine whether a creative idea is interesting. NT music would probably sound somewhat similar to NF music, and from my experience with friends from both temperament categories, I find that they tend to have similar preferences when listening to music. NTs and NFs may like the same styles of music for different reasons, but what I find interesting is that they tend to like the same music at all when they are often so different about everything that actually matters.
Don't discount the musical capabilities of certain S types, because some of my most talented musical friends are SPs. Their music might not be as intentionally deep, but it can be just as emotionally potent. The meanings get worked in subconsciously and the music is capable of arousing very specific feelings in a communicative way. An ESFP drummer I almost dated could communicate his sexual desire for me with his music, building to a passionate climax of sound in such a way that it affected everyone in the room, and when I discussed it with him, he assured me that it wasn't intentional. He just happened to be fantasizing about me while playing and I felt it perfectly. The other male who was there (ENFP) was affected by the music like a sexual empath, but projected the lust onto me (a female) instead of the drummer (a male) to avoid homoerotic confusion, leaving me awkwardly sexually aroused in a room with two lust-crazed musicians who were both too pure to do what I was thinking about.

(...so was I, actually. Curse my inhibitions!)