FDG
pathwise dependent
- Joined
- Aug 13, 2007
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- 5,903
- MBTI Type
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- 7w8
Ok, here it is. It's machine-translated from russian, so it's not maximally readable, but I believe everybody can get the gist of it. If you're not familiar with socionics type terminology, the types can be converted like this:
ISFP= SEI
ISFJ = ESI
ESFJ = ESE
ESFP = SEE
INTP= ILI
INTJ = LII
ENTJ = LIE
ENTP = ILE
INFP = IEI
INFJ = EII
ENFJ = EIE
ENFP = IEE
ISTP = SLI
ISTJ = LSI
ESTJ = LSE
ESTP = SLE
The first part of the article is introductory, the main presentation starts from "cause-effect thinking" onwards.
ISFP= SEI
ISFJ = ESI
ESFJ = ESE
ESFP = SEE
INTP= ILI
INTJ = LII
ENTJ = LIE
ENTP = ILE
INFP = IEI
INFJ = EII
ENFJ = EIE
ENFP = IEE
ISTP = SLI
ISTJ = LSI
ESTJ = LSE
ESTP = SLE
The first part of the article is introductory, the main presentation starts from "cause-effect thinking" onwards.
4. Cause-effect thinking
Let us pass to the examination of the first cognitive style: the thinking is analytical, is positive, deductive. We will call its cause-effect. Its carriers are the [sotsionicheskie] types IL ([ILE]), LF ([LSI]), FR ([SEE]), RI ([EII]).
As statics they are steady and rosary in their cognitive activity, as [evolyutory] they think of processually, without passing components and intermediate it is sectional, and as positivists strictly they go to one, singularly valid solution.
4.1.
Cause-effect intellect is known under the synonymous names formal logical, or deterministic thinking. In both cases its rigid nature is emphasized. Speech during this thinking takes shape with the aid of the bonds (unions of reason) “since”, “because”, “consequently”. Mental process itself consists in the construction of the chains of cause and effect. They reduce the explanation to the indication of generating reason. If we use ourselves an example of Aristotle, who to the first four methods of explaining the phenomena, then the sculptor, who directly molded it is the reason for existence of sculpture.
In the scientific sphere so it thinks IL ([ILE]), in the technical- administrative sphere - methodical LF ([LSI]), in the social sphere it checks the chain of the material interests FR However, ([SEE]), in the humanitarian sphere it is subordinated to the categorical imperative RI ([EII]).
4.2.
Aristotle is considered the discoverer of this technology of thinking. The fundamental laws of formal thinking are presented by it in the theory of syllogism. However, it in to practitioner, there was first, who consecutively personified Euclid, who built famous geometry. In the new time its principles substantiated the rationalist Descartes in his “reasoning about the method” (1637 g.). Then it finally was designed in the mathematical logic. Cause-effect thinking reached its apogee in the logical positivism, then its value toward the end of the 20th century began increasingly more to fall. However, as the mass stereotype of proof it rules and until now.
I will touch its advantages. First, it is received into [sotsiume] as the most authoritative, most convincing, singularly correct. In mathematics it is designed as deductive- axiomatic method. The possession of them requires large intellectual endurance. In the second place, in this style of thinking are inherent large clearness and [skontsentrirovannost]. The type is characterized by special concentration LF ([LSI]). However, irrational FR ([SEE]) it discusses sufficiently reasonably, deriving one consequence of another, which assumes concentration on the chain of steps. If at least one component for any reason falls out, then determinists lose the sensation of reasonable [obyasnennosti] and make it difficult to accomplish actions, since they do not see bases for them.
But at the same time cause-effect thinking has its deficiencies. First, it most artificial, distant from the laws of the functioning of living. Its effectiveness stretches for “logical” formulation of the already existing results, construction of operating mechanisms, but not for the fundamentally new discoveries. The first blind alley, into which risks to bring the formalization, these are scholasticism, i.e., pointless, although logically irreproachable reasonings. In the second place, sequential determinists, removing whole from his sections, fall into one more intellectual blind alley - the trap of reductionism. This deficiency noted even more antique skeptics, and in the new time - Hume, who doubted the fact that any event is dictated by a strict reason.
Actually, system the long chains of cause and effect, it is difficult to avoid the danger of recycling, risk to fall into circulus of vitiosus - vicious circle in the proof. In the theorem about the incompleteness of the formalisms Of [k].[Gedel] it asserts that any fairly complicated system of rules either is contradictory or it contains the conclusions, which cannot be either proven, or refuted by the means of this system. By this the limits of the applicability of formal logic are established. Using formal- deductive method, medieval scholastics, in particular, attempted to strictly prove existence of god. As a result closing cause and effect into the circle they arrived at the definition of god as thoughts, which thinks of itself.
4.3.
Cause-effect thinking generates such psyche, which is badly protected from the training or, in the limiting cases, even [zombirovaniya]. Skillfully combining words and memory actions, it is possible to attain control over the behavior of concrete people. For the intellectual determinists, in particular, is characteristic strong dependence on the events of the childhood, which, as in its time opened [Z].[Freyd], are badly realized entirely. Habits in the clearly expressed determinists in their hardness are compared with the conditioned reflexes.
The standard military procedure of conducting examination is designed taking into account the guaranteed cause-effect actions on the psyche. It includes such measures for action as the deprivation of sleep, change in the temperature and/or humidity in the camera, deprivation of food with its subsequent delivery as the reward, etc Isolation of arrested and gradual attachment to it its instructions sooner or later gives its fruits, since in the course of time in the unstably thinking person is manufactured dependence on the inspector, who leads examination.
It is significant, which in the extreme, maximally compressed situations in people, which think in a cause-effect manner, operates the effect “of slow-motion film”. Thinking becomes separately clear, but that extended on the time. Seconds subjectively are lengthened to the minutes. For the same reason the sharp shakings of psyche, the stresses of rapidity strongly impede their cerebral activity up to the deep sleep.
The psychological school of behaviorism uses this model of psyche. Its supporters consider that the instruction in any behavior is accomplished through the training - the encouragement of movement to rule and the punishment for its disturbance. .[F].[Skinner] formulated the principle of operant conditionality, according to which the behavior of living organisms is completely determined by consequences, to which it leads. He proposed the method of sequential approximations, according to which trained obtains the reward stimulation when his behavior it becomes similar to that desired.
The concept of the programmed instruction developed by behaviorists also places as the basis of its actions the rigidly step-by-step method of motion to the purpose.
4.4.
Formal logical thinking in its time gave birth to the cause-effect picture of peace. This is the picture of the peace of classical physics, cornerstone of which it is mechanic Newton. As paradigm it ruled up to the beginning of the 20th century. According to these rules function rigid systems - mechanism, organism. However, multifactor processes (psyche, society), where occur, reductionism, explaining the complex phenomena through their simple components, loses its explanatory force. Furthermore, classical paradigm is too subjected to the influence of the positive idea of the progress, while in the history is numerous examples of negative- regressive tendencies, recoils back, repetitions of that of already passed, etc
The full-scale model of cause-effect thinking - this is the idea of the information in the form of drawing or realistic figure. They are produced with the aid of the straight prospect. The closely spaced objects in this technology are depicted more largely, and removed respectively on a smaller scale, it is proportional to their distance from the observer. According to this drawing, following rigid instructions, easily is made any article.
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5. the Dialectical- algorithmic thinking
The second cognitive form is of special interest: the thinking is synthetic, is negative, deductive. Is working the name of this thinking - dialectical- algorithmic. The representatives of this thinking are the [sotsionicheskie] types ET ([EIE]), TP (OR), PS ([LSE]), SE (Sei).
As the dynamics these types synthesize well integral means, as thinking they increasingly more deductive complicate them and as [negativisty] they work well with the contradictions and the paradoxes.
5.1.
Essential distinguishing feature of dialectical style - reflection of peace as unity and struggle of opposites. In the speech it uses syntactic construction “if- that -otherwise”, that forecasts the versions of the development of process. Within its limit the dialectics is attempted to grope the intermediate point of the dynamic equilibrium between the extremes. Dialectical intellect is born from the collision of flow and countercurrent of thought, consciousness and unconscious. The thinkers of this style are characterized by the expressed tendency toward the synthesis of oppositions, the removal of the contradictions, which they so acutely receive.
Its advantages are obvious: this most flexible and thinned thinking. It capably of easily being thrown to opposite direction possesses by the predictability. The effective type of associative memory accompanies it. Algorithmic thinking also solves well problems to the classification, since has the gift of the recognition of complex means. After the conditions of task it perceives the typical algorithm of its solution.
On Aristotle, dialectical- prognostic thinking explains peace on the basis purposeful reasons. For example, the reason for the appearance of sculpture is idea about it in the head of sculptor. Main role in this case play program, intention of creator. Thus, it it is possible to consider teleologic, and it means, by the most religious in its essence thinking. Many scientists of this type sooner or later come to the faith (is compulsorily church -[konfessionalnoy]).
5.2.
Historically the first representative of the dialectical comprehension of peace in the history should be named Heraclitus. Absolutizing dynamic pole, it entertained idea itself that “into one river it cannot be entered twice”, because to entering second time flow already other waters. In the new time Hegel developed its theory into the extensive rational system. Since dialectical intellect in comparison with other forms of thinking is oriented most [kreatsionistski], thus unavoidably it leads to the idea of creator, absolute, space reason and T. p.
Its two representatives - ET ([EIE]) and TP (OR) usually they are received in [sotsiume] as the most intellectual types. They form the backbone of different intellectual elites, clubs of experts, esoteric groups, etc They are the best computer programmers, since better than other types they know how to work with the moving structures - algorithms. The diagram of algorithm consists of blocks and pointers, which show the order of passages, branching and cycles. Moreover the main thing in the program is its dynamic part - pointer, but not blocks. Formula “if - that - otherwise” there is, in the essence, the nucleus of any algorithm.
To deficiencies in the dialectical- algorithmic thinking should be carried instability and carelessness. Algorithm engineers suffer because of the difficulty to make a selection, to accept unique solution. This thinking can be faster compared with the symphony, the flow of the inosculating means, than by the clearly fixed mechanism.
Its one additional problem - increased criticality, which can be such high which causes spontaneous decomposition, it plunges into the danger of complete detachment from the reality, and with the presence of hereditary predisposition with the specific probability it leads to the disorders of psyche.
5.3.
In the dialectically thinking types the psyche is most subjected to transformations. From a psychological point of view, the unstable, transformed psyche is the most beneficial soil for the suggestibility. The parallel-flowing flows of thought in the head the fact is that now and then do not manage to control dialectics! It is necessary to only synchronously tune for their internal fluctuations between the freedom of choice and the fatalism and to strengthen last pole. Physicians know that the small, but accurately adjusted on the time shock can throw down heart into the state of fibrillation. In exactly the same manner the successfully directed signal brings dialectical psyche to chaotic state.
The very suitable psyche for the suggesting actions possesses the [sotsionicheskiy] type ET ([EIE]). For it are characteristic the so-called moments of [imprintnoy] vulnerability. During these minutes operates rapid suggestion - [imprint], necessary prerequisite of which are fright, confusion, surprise. Table “there is no output”, suddenly seen by man with the algorithmic psyche at the moment of strong sincere confusion, it can serve as the starting hook of the solution about the suicide. Exploiting the paradoxicalness of thinking dialectical types, the shock therapy it is capable of completely reprogramming their perception of peace, including main estimated judgments.
The accurate, although rare sign of dialectical thinking - accident, which leads to the states like deep fainting or coma, and then to illumination or discovery of special abilities.
The second version - slow suggestion, which, mainly, is built on the cramming through vocalization and/or hearing. It is reduced to the multiple repetition of one and the same phrase with the variations. Variations in this case are especially meant. They work just as refrain in the song. Gradually is generated [transovoe] state - external weakening with the internal concentration. The greater the monotony, the rather is reached the deep trans-. Thus, some people calm down and rapidly fill up under monotonic “[bubnezh]” of television set.
5.4.
The quantum- probabilistic picture of peace, manufactured by nonclassical physics, corresponds to dialectical thinking. According to this paradigm, there are no rigid laws, are only tendencies probabilities. Quantum mechanics is built on the principle of the wave-particle duality unusual for the common sense, according to which the objects of microcosm behave first as corpuscle (particle), then as wave. In regard to this took place the dispute of two great physicists of the 20th century - [A].[Eynshteyna] and [N].[Bora]. Cause-effect determinism defended the first as the main beginning of nature, the second - [veroyatnostnost]. Bohr as a result conquered. Although this dispute, if we are distracted from the historical context, does not have a sense, indeed both thinkings are dual to each other. The principle of Young's [sinkhronistichnosti] also lies at the river bed of dialectical paradigm.
Contemporary British mathematician Roger [Penrouz] assumed that the human intellect uses quantum gravity as the tool for the intuitive illumination. It even wrote several books (“the new brain of emperor”, “the shadows of mind”) in which it proves, that the brain - this quantum computer and logical is Aristotelian thinking to man alien. If it rights, then hence it follows that the integral type of man is dialectical- algorithmic.
Full-scale model of this thinking - dual images, which periodically pass into each other. Simple of them - projection on the plane of the truncated pyramid. During the long examination it alternately seems first by the convex, inverted apex to the observer, then of that deepened, with the outgoing far rear wall.
One additional visual illustration of dialectical perception. You see what in the figure: vase against the black background or two profiles on the white? This depends on the fact that for you will be background, and that by figure. Some see vase, and profiles for them are converted into the dark background, others - on the contrary, two black profiles, and white vase departs to the background. But as soon as man will see both images, begin the fluctuations of attention. Picture seemingly pulsates: you see first vase, then profiles. The dialectical change of the background/of figure occurs. Operates the [negativistskaya] reverse prospect, when the distant or darkened objects are given as more important than located it is close to the observer.