Galen temperaments, ancient/classic temperaments, humours, etc.
Used by LaHaye, Littauer, oneishy, Eysenck, 4Marks, etc.
A version of this is what my wife tested several of our friends and family with (luckily for me, which got me interested in personality in the first place), and then I eventually learned about type, and how to translate one onto the other. The pure Melancholies are ISTJ (the person who introduced us to Keirsey tested as both), the Sanguine-Melancholies are ESFJ, a Phlegmatic-Melancholy fits ISFJ (a less stereotypical one though); and they fit the bill. This covers most of our friends and family. The two pure Sanguine girls would fit ESFP and a couple of people who seem to be Melancholy-Choleric would fit INTJ.
So from there; it's just a matter of following the patterns. Like the Cholerics seem ExTJ, and a second cousin who always seemed different from the rest of the family (at least to me), seems to fit INFJ, and her mother in law (my great aunt) seems to be ENFJ. (there's similar, but the aunt is a bit more of a family "host").