I love this stuff, so here goes!
This painting strikes me as a representation of the place between life and death.
I see all the humanoid depictions here being one person. The two young girls are half-invisible; essentially fading away. One is focused on books, some of which show the face of a woman (her as an adult before or during the time of death), and also a plant which vaguely resembles an olive branch. These books are ablaze, soon to turn to ash just as the woman, with the olive branch representing the Ultimate Peace. The girl reading the books is reflecting on her life and seems to be doing so contentedly as opposed to frantically. This indicates that she is at ease observing her life and not clinging to her memories as they gradually fade away.
The fire is not in the fireplace, which shows that it's not a fire of function. They have no bodies to warm and there is no consistent climate because this isn't a tangible place. The scene to the right depicts life while the scene to the left depicts death, or rather the afterlife because really the whole painting depicts the process of death. The water is symbolic of life as a whole, which carries us along its currents and tides, some gentle and some raging. The death scene is riddled with icebergs; cold, unforgiving, lifeless... a barren void. The tree next to it is resting in lifeless slumber. Given its trajectory, the ship is on course to collide with the icebergs, and we all know what happens after that...
But look!
That's apparently not the end because there an ethereal balloon carrying an oasis, lush and full of life. The other young girl gazes at it calmly, holding her book of life shut behind her back. It's all behind her and she's ready. Perhaps the Leaning Tower of Pisa stands upright because it represents a reversal of the gradual decline inherent to life and the process of death; that once we pass, we stand tall again unfazed by the instability of the ground below us or our degrading structure.
The woman with the head of leaves represents many things. As half of a disembodied head, she is another depiction of the woman who is passing between life and death; no need for a body, half here and half not. Her "hair" is more a literal representation of life, yet still half-depicted. More importantly, she is looking directly at the viewer, with her eye centered in the painting, positioned next to an evening scene representing the twilight of one's life. She is forcing us all to look our destiny in the eye, and the intentional placement of her at the center of the image indicates that this is the core message.
I did not look this painting or anything about it up (or even read all the comments here) and just went with what I saw and felt, and I'm super curious to hear what the artist intended to communicate.