Both Western philosophy and science were began 3,000 years ago in Ancient Greece.
Socrates kicked off Western philosophy with critical thinking, however critical thinking does precipitate cognitive dissonance which is emotionally painful.
And the Ancient Greeks also kicked off Western science by discovering that the Gods were natural forces, so science was called natural philosophy.
Neither the Chinese, nor the Indians, nor Islam, nor tribal peoples, invented philosophy or science. Here, though, I am required to give a trigger warning, as the previous sentence is not politically correct, and may cause offence.