In MBTI, you usually find lengthy definitions of the preferences with lists of varying examples and subdefinitions, instead of a short and concise word for each preference. Albeit MBTI borrows from Jungian terms Thinking, Feeling, Sensing and Intuiting, I find that reading about the type preferences by relating them to individuals gave me clearer terms than these four in response to summarizing each function and preference:
T = Logic (Reasoning, common sense, or arithmetic conducted or assessed according to strict principles of validity.)
N = Impression Focus (or Generalization, aka an intuition of truth substituting as the sensation of experiencing the fact or details firsthand. Perfect example of N is "I've seen it the same way a billion times: This may be a different situation but likely holds to the exact same principle of similar situations." This may give the impression of "High Openness" on the Big Five personality indicator due to Ns ability to easily assume something to be true without knowing the facts.
N in an equal theory is to be described as the Big Picture or Pattern focus.)
S = Fact Focus (or Detail Focus. I'm reluctant to go with the latter term as the large majority of people, Ns included, prove to be detail focused, where as N types in general overly rely on impressions and generalizations instead of what they may view as "wasting time looking at each individual fact," which is what an S type considers to be essential and won't jump quickly to new conclusions before addressing the individual facts. This may give the impression of "Low Openness" on the Big Five personality indicator due to a reluctance to make intellectual leaps of possibility, but S types are merely scrupulous.)
F = Empathy (I would've used to go with the standard "Feeling," but understanding the realistic difference between the given F traits and T traits for these preferences, it is clear that the F preference in people is primarily the focus on the harmony and care for others concerns.)
Furthermore, in functional theory:
T Doms [INTP, ISTP, ENTJ, ESTJ] are types most representative of utilizing rigid Logic and Just Reasoning in most circumstances in place of Empathy for Individuals' points of view and acknowledging individual differences. Secondarily, their consideration of Facts is more healthily balanced with their consideration of Intuitive Impressions.
N Doms [ENTP, ENFP, INTJ, INFJ] are types most representative of utilizing General Principles and Impressions in place of acknowledging Individual Facts. Secondarily, their consideration of Logic is more healthily balanced with their Empathy.
S Doms [ESTP, ESFP, ISTJ, ISFJ] are types most representative of acknowledging Individual Facts in place of utilizing General Principles and Impressions. Secondarily, their consideration of Logic is more healthily balanced with their Empathy.
F Doms [INFP, ISFP, ENFJ, ESFJ] are types most representative of demonstrating Empathy for Individuals' points of view and acknowledging individual differences, in place of utilizing rigid Logic and Just Reasoning in most circumstances. Secondarily, their consideration of Facts is more healthily balanced with their consideration of Intuitive Impressions.
^ Although this portion might need slight tweaking, as it always does.
This visual portion shows a simplification of the 4 focus strengths of each type-cluster:
T Doms [INTP, ISTP, ENTJ, ESTJ] -
N Doms [ENTP, ENFP, INTJ, INFJ] -
S Doms [ESTP, ESFP, ISTJ, ISFJ] -
F Doms [INFP, ISFP, ENFJ, ESFJ] -