Tech companies and election officials spent the past three years working to address the vulnerabilities that allowed Russia to promote disinformation and sow political divisions ahead of the 2016 election.
On Monday night, though, it didn’t take foreign interference to highlight the persistent vulnerabilities around the 2020 election. Americans proved perfectly capable of spreading disinformation on their own.
“This might be a great wake-up call,†said Alex Stamos, the director of the Stanford Internet Observatory, former head of security at Facebook and an NBC cybersecurity analyst. “If it turns out that this disaster has very little long-term effect on the primary, it's a great demonstration of what could go wrong on election night.â€
One day after Americans cast their first votes in the election cycle, conspiracy theories, delayed election results and political opportunism intermingled online to create what disinformation researchers warn could be a harbinger of a self-inflicted worst-case scenario for the 2020 election.
Various pieces of false or misleading news circulated, including accusations of voter fraud and phony rumors that a major candidate dropped out. Those claims were amplified by problems with the Iowa Democratic Party’s reporting of the results, which were delayed in part due to problems with its smartphone app — which then generated its own conspiracy theories.
There is no indication that Russia or any other government or company pushed disinformation around the Iowa caucuses.
“As we saw last night, there are domestic actors that are willing to do that and mysterious internet trolls, which could be domestic or foreign,†Stamos said. “But even members of the media, who might be very strongly attached to one side or the other, are happy to amplify.â€
The most viral piece of disinformation came from the conservative legal group Judicial Watch, which falsely claimed that eight Iowa counties had more voter registrations than citizens. Despite efforts by Paul Pate, Iowa’s secretary of state, to debunk the information by pointing to public county-by-county voter registration totals, the claims were repeated by major conservative media outlets, including The Epoch Times.
Facebook told NBC News that the company’s elections operations center was up and running and that it had been communicating with Pate, the Democratic National Committee, and third-party fact checkers throughout the day. Facebook eventually put warnings on several posts that repeated the Judicial Watch claim indicating that they contained false information.
But that came hours after the story began to spread. The Epoch Times post garnered 175,000 Facebook comments, likes and shares, according to the social media analysis tool Buzzsumo.
On Twitter, where the false claim first gained traction, a company representative said the claims did not violate the company’s election integrity policy, “as it does not suppress voter turnout or mislead people about when, where, or how to vote.â€