I like this. How would you add the perspectives of introversion / extraversion to that?
Thank you for actually trying to follow me.
Introversion and extroversion isn't as clear a divide, so I don't think of it as being useful to the same degree. But it does definitely make a distinction that is descriptively useful sometimes (like when typing a person, not usually when attributing a behavior to a function, though).
I'll use Feeling as an example. Feeling needs some input (what the value judgment is about), does some kind of computation (which for purposes of discussion is not worth fleshing out), and spits out either a positive or negative value judgment. Fe is a label that describes when the input to the Feeling function comes from the external standard (in other words, current external circumstances). Fe is a label that describes when the input to the Feeling function comes from the internal environment (in other words, current thought process/psychological state).
Another way to explain it is Fe is the value-stuff assuming the external environment takes precedence and Fi is the value-stuff assuming the current internal state takes precedence. Someone using Fe won't feel comfortable making a value judgment without making sure they have all relevant data about the current external situation. Fi users won't care about the external situation, as their understanding of value-judgments is based on their own ideals.
This is analogous for Thinking. Ti users Think about what they're already thinking about. Te users Think about what's going on in front of them. That's why Ti goes more in depth, but Te is more feasible.
For perceiving I need to use a bit different of an explanation.
I'll use Intuition here as an example. Ne users have the attitude that they don't want to miss an environmental opportunity to make a new connection. Ni users have the attitude that the environment is a distraction in making deep connections about what they're currently thinking about.
Sensing works similarly. Se wants to take in as much different environmental information as possible (their goal is breadth). Si wants to take in as much information about the current thing they're thinking about as possible, so they dismiss what's currently going on in favor of seeing all the details of one thing (their goal is depth).
Breadth and depth is a good analogy for introversion and extroversion.