G.I. Gurdjieff taught about various types of men. Here is the barest kernel of his thinking from his Wikipedia biography:
"Gurdjieff argued that many of the existing forms of religious and spiritual tradition on Earth had lost connection with their original meaning and vitality and so could no longer serve humanity in the way that had been intended at their inception. As a result humans were failing to realize the truths of ancient teachings and were instead becoming more and more like automatons, susceptible to control from outside and increasingly capable of otherwise unthinkable acts of mass psychosis such as the 1914-18 war. At best, the various surviving sects and schools could only provide a one-sided development which did not result in a fully integrated human being. According to Gurdjieff, only one dimension of the three dimensions of the person - namely, either the emotions, or the physical body or the mind - tends to develop in such schools and sects..."
Notice already we have the three Enneagram centers (or "triads"), emotional, physical, and mental - although he didn't call them that. These correlate with the three spiritual types of men: the yogi, the monk, and the fakir. Each of these types highly develops one specific faculty to a great extent, while the other two faculties go fallow. But he argues in his books that they develop their abilities without full knowledge of what they are doing. A yogi is capable of great physical feats, but it is more like self-hypnosis, it occurs without full understanding of the underlying psychic processes involved. The Fourth Way encompasses all three, it seeks a spiritual harmony, and tries to accomplish this without the necessity of leaving the world and entering some kind of monastic existence. Continuing with one's normal life is very important to walking the path of spiritual harmony.
Today we use the Enneagram to ponder our own navels, but this only entrenches us deeper in personality and this has nothing to do with the spiritual core of our being.