Section 1: Model A
The most widespread and generally accepted model of Socionic theory is Model A. There are a few other models, such as Model X, but I will not discuss those here, as I consider them to be very much fringe theories at the moment. In Model A, there are 8 positions to accomodate the 8 Socionic functions. These positions are subdivided into several categories.
The first division is between conscious and unconsious functions, which are also known as mental and vital tracks. The conscious functions are the aspects of reality of which we are most aware of and try to control. The unconscious functions are aspects of reality that we react to unconsciously, and have somewhat less control over. Our actual strength with these functions vary, so we have two strong, conscious functions (the Ego block[1 & 2]), two weak conscious functions (the Super-Ego block [3 & 4]), two strong, unconscious functions (the Id block [7 & 8]), and two weak, unconcious functions (the Super-Id block [5 & 6]). The Ego functions are the basis of our conscious reality, and our preferred way of looking at reality. The Super-Ego functions are the things we consciously avoid. The Super-Id functions are areas we don't know that we need help with. The Id functions are often used unconsciously, but avoided from the conscious prespective, and may manifest under stress.
In each of these blocks, there are are producing and accepting functions. All even numbered functions are producing functions and all odd numbered functions are accepting functions. Therefore, each "block" contains one of each. Theoretically, accepting functions form a picture of reality, and producing functions build on that perception.