Interesting questions. Let's see...
Do you pursue material wealth, knowledge, power, peace?
Material wealth: Yes. But like slowriot said, it's just a means to an end.
Knowledge: Yes, definitely. I have a pretty long list of what I would (eventually) like to study either on my own or through educational institutions.
Power: I don't actively pursue power, but I can see how I might attain good deal of power if I do achieve certain goals I'm pursuing at the moment.
Peace: Internal peace, yes.
Do you care where you will be ten years from now? Do you have a concrete plan for the next decade?
Yes, I do care where I will be ten years from now; in fact, I do have a rather solid plan for at least the next 6~7 years of my life. Beyond that, I'm not too sure yet, but I do have very specific goals I am working towards.
Do you have a detailed agenda for the next week? Or do you take it one day at a time?
I take it one day at a time. I start out by listing everything that needs to be done. Then I write down about how much time I think will be necessary to complete each of the tasks I've listed. Then I assign the individual tasks to specific time blocks. The problem is that I hardly ever follow through.
Do you know EXACTLY what you want, or is your purpose in life a big question mark?
I have certain goals in life, but most of those are achievable in the next 10 years. I need to come up with more things to pursue beyond that.