The J/P preference indicates whether the leading extraverted function is Percieving or Judging. Which function is actually in the lead really has not much to do with it beyond I/E itself once the auxiliary has established itself. When trying to type an adult as an I or an E, people tend to analyze the traits falling into I preference and E preference, instead of comparing Xi/Ye to Ye/Xi; for people that did not know the child well before the auxiliary established itself, this is rather tedious to establish any certainty upon.
For a more general, straightforward, and accurate answer, judging types judge the world around them (with Fe or Te) and percieve inside them (with Si or Ni), while percieving types percieve the world around them (with Se or Ne), while judging inside them (with Fi or Ti).
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